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Cold War

Ideological, political, and economic tensions from 1945 to 1989 between the USSR and Eastern Europe on the one hand and the USA and Western Europe on the other. The Cold War was fuelled by propaganda, undercover activity by intelligence agencies, and economic sanctions; and was intensified by signs of conflict anywhere in the world. Arms-reduction agreements between the USA and USSR in the late 1980s, and a reduction of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe, led to a reassessment of positions, and the ‘war’ was officially ended in December 1989.

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Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev shakes hands with...British prime minister Winston Churchill and US...
A Red Cross nurse tends to a toddler’s injured...At the heart of the Cold War was the MAD...

REFERENCES

  • Alperovitz, Gar, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth, New York: Knopf, 1995.
  • Ball, S. J., The Cold War: An International History, 1947-1991,London and New York: Arnold, 1998.
  • Beschloss, Michael R.; Strobe Talbott, At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War, Boston and London: Little Brown, 1993.
  • Gaddis, John Lewis, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History, Oxford: Clarendon Press, and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  • Gardner, Lloyd C., Architects of Illusion: Men and Ideas in American Foreign Policy, Chicago: Quadrangle, 1970.

From Credo

  • Garthoff, Raymond, “Cuban Missile Crisis: The Soviet Story”, Foreign Policy, 72 (1988): 61-80.
  • Holloway, David, The Soviet Union and the Arms Race, 2nd edition, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1984.
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  • Prewitt, Jeffery L., “Expansion of the Permanent Seats on the Security Council”, Political Crossroads, 6/1-2 (1998): 25-55.
  • Schlesinger, Arthur Jr“Origins of the Cold War”, Foreign Affairs, 46/1 (1967): 22-52.
  • Yergin, Daniel, Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.
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  • Holloway, David. Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939–1956.New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.
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  • Hixson, Walter. Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War,1945–1961. New York: St. Martins, 1998.
  • Joyce, Walter. The Propaganda Gap. New York: Harper, 1963.
  • Lashmar, Paul, and Oliver, James. Britain’s Secret Propaganda War,1948–1971. Stroud, UK: Sutton, 1998.
  • Saunders, Frances Stoner. Who Paid the Piper?: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War. London: Granta, 1999.
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  • Chomsky, Noam. 1969. American Power and the New Mandarins. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
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  • Fenster, Mark. 1999. Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Gaddis, John Lewis. 1987. The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War. New York: Oxford University Press.
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  • Henrikson, Margot A.1997. Dr. Strangelove’s America: Society and Culture in the Atomic Age. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Lafeber, Walter. [1967] 1997. America, Russia and the Cold War, 1945–1996. 8th ed. New York and London: McGraw-Hill.
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  • U.S. Senate. 1976. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (the “Church Committee”).Final Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Walker, Martin. 1993. The Cold War and the Making of the Modern World. London: Fourth Estate.
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  • Holborn, Louise W.1956. The International Refugee Organization: Its History and Work, 1946–1952. London: Oxford University Press.
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  • James, Robert Rhodes, ed. 1983. Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963. New York: Atheneum.
  • Keely, Charles B.1996. “How Nation-States Create and Respond to Refugee Flows.” International Migration Review30, no. 4 (Winter): 1046–1066.
  • Keely, Charles B.2001. “The International Refugee Regime(s): The End of the Cold War Matters.” International Migration Review35, no. 1 (Spring): 303–314.
  • Keely, Charles B., and Elwell, Patricia J.. 1981. Global Refugee Policy: The Case for a Development-Oriented Strategy. New York: The Population Council.
  • United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency. 1944. Organization, Aims, Progress. Washington, DC: UNRRA.
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  • Zolberg, Aristede, Suhrke, Astri, and Aguayo, Sergio. 1988. Escape from Violence. New York: Oxford University Press.

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