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Marx, Karl

Philosopher and social theorist, who gave his name to one of the most important political movements and analytical perspectives of the last two hundred years. Marx’s works cover economic theory and analysis, historical analysis, philosophy and moral theory, political interventions and polemics. Over the span of his writing different phases can be made out. The early works, which were only widely available from the 1950s, such as the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, show a mainly humanist ethical and philosophical concentration of ideas. They particularly foreground the notion of alienation. The later works, such as Capital, consist of detailed economic analysis, aiming to expose the ‘laws of motion’ of capitalism. The intent, though, was political – to encourage and support revolutionary change. A third set of writings – such as the Communist Manifesto and the 18th Brumaire of Louis Napoleon, were designed to intervene in these struggles, and to comment on them. The Manifesto was written in collaboration with Frederick Engels, Marx’s long-term sponsor and co-thinker.

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IMAGES FROM CREDO

Karl Marx (The Library of Congress)Marx, Karl Heinrich

REFERENCES

  • Anderson, Kevin, Lenin, Hegel, and Western Marxism, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995.
  • Aronowitz, Stanley, Science as Power, London: Macmillan, and Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.
  • Bhaskar, Roy, Dialectic: The Pulse of Freedom, London and New York: Verso, 1993.
  • Braverman, Harry, Labor and Monopoly Capital, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975.
  • Colletti, Lucio, “Bernstein and the Marxism of the Second International”, in his From Rousseau to Lenin: Studies in Ideology and Society, translated from the Italian by John Merrington; Judith White, London: New Left Books, and New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972(original edition, 1969).
See more references from Credo

From Credo

  • Engels, Friedrich, Anti-Dübring: Herr Eugen Dübring's Revolution in Science, Moscow: Progress, 1947, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1984.
  • Hanson, Norwood Russell, Patterns of Discovery: An Inquiry into the Conceptual Foundations of Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958.
  • Jay, Martin, Marxism and Totality: The Adventures of a Concept from Lucács to Habermas, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
  • Kautsky, Karl, The Materialist Conception of History, London: Macmillan, 1939; abridged by Kautsky, John H., translated from the German by Raymond Meer; John H. Kautsky, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1988(original edition, 1927).
  • Kitching, Gavin, Marxism and Science, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994.
  • Marcuse, Herbert, Soviet Marxism: A Critical Analysis, New York: Columbia University Press, and London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958.
  • Marx, Karl, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, translated from the German by Ben Fowkes, Harmondsworth: Penguin, and New York: New Left Review, 1976(original edition, 1867).
  • Sayer, Derek, Marx's Method: Ideology, Science and Critique in “Capital”, Hassocks, Sussex: Harvester Press, and Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1979; 2nd edition, Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1983.
  • Sohn-Rethel, Alfred, Intellectual and Manual Labour: A Critique of Epistemology, translated from the German by Martin Sohn-Rethel, London: Macmillan, and Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1978(original edition, 1970).
  • Wetter, Gustav A., Dialectical Materialism: A Historical and Systematic Survey of Philosophy in the Soviet Union, translated from the German by Peter Heath, New York: Praeger, and London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958; revised edition, Westport Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1973.