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Philanthropy

philanthropy, the spirit of active goodwill toward others as demonstrated in efforts to promote their welfare. The term is often used interchangeably with charity. Every year vast sums of money are collected for invaluable philanthropic purposes, and an increasing number of people participate in the work of collecting money through highly organized campaigns, the purpose of which is fund-raising. In many countries philanthropy has been incorporated in government policy in the form of tax exemptions for contributions to charitable agencies. It has become so accepted that few now escape the demands of giving, and many important institutions are partly or wholly dependent on it.

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REFERENCES

  • Addams, Jane. Twenty Years at Hull-house. New York: Mac-millan, 1910.
  • Carnegie, Andrew. The Gospel of Wealth and Other Timely Essays. New York: Century, 1900.
  • Carnes, Mark C.Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1989.
  • Clawson, Mary Ann. Constructing Brotherhood: Class, Gender, and Fraternalism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1989.
  • Curti, Merle; Roderick Nash. Philanthropy in the Shaping of Higher Education. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1965.
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From Credo

  • Cutlip, Scott M.Fund Raising in the United States: Its Role in America's Philanthropy. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1965.
  • Dumenil, Lynn. Freemasonry and American Culture, 1880-1939. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984.
  • Fischer, David Hackett. Paul Revere's Ride. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
  • Fleming, Walter Lynwood ed. Documentary History of Reconstruction: Political, Military, Social, Religious, Educational, and Industrial, 1865 to the Present Time. Gloucester, Mass., P. Smith, 1960.
  • Franklin, John Hope. Reconstruction after the Civil War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
  • Gamm, Gerald; Robert D. Putnam“The Growth of Voluntary Associations in the United States, 1840-1940.”Journal of Interdisciplinary History29 no. 3 (Spring 1999): 511-557.
  • Griffin, Clifford Stephen. Their Brothers' Keepers: Moral Stewardship in the United States, 1800-1865. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1960.
  • Hall, Peter Dobkin. The Organization of American Culture, 1700-1900: Private Institutions, Elites, and the Origins of American Nationality. New York: New York University Press, 1982.
  • Huggins, Nathan Irvin. Protestants against Poverty: Boston's Charities, 1870-1900. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1971.
  • Katz, Michael B.In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History of Welfare in America. New York: Basic Books, 1986.
  • Miller, Howard Smith. The Legal Foundations of American Philanthropy, 1776-1844. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1961.
  • Scott, Anne Firor. Natural Allies: Women's Associations in American History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
  • Skocpol, Theda. “The Tocqueville Problem: Civic Engagement in American Democracy.”Social Science History21 no. 4 (Fall 1996): 455-479.
  • Story, Ronald. The Forging of an Aristocracy: Harvard and Boston's Upper Class, 1800-1870. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1980.
  • Watson, Frank Dekker. The Charity Organization Movement in the United States: A Study in American Philanthropy. New York: Macmillan, 1922.
  • Weeks, Edward. The Lowells and Their Institute. Boston: Little, Brown, 1966.
  • Wilson, Dorothy Clarke. Stranger and Traveler: The Story of Dorothea Dix, American Reformer. Boston: Little, Brown, 1975.